Middleeast Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical conference September 24-25, 2018 Abu Dhabi, UAE

Fawzy Elbarbry has completed his PhD and Postdoctoral studies from University of Saskatchewan, Canada. He is the Director of Student Success at Pacific University, a premier institution in the Pacific Northwest of USA and a Clinical Pharmacist at Legacy Health System. He has published more than 50 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of several journals with high reputation.

Approximately 29% of US population were treated for hypertension with only 52% of them have their blood pressure under control. The direct health care spending to treat hypertension is approximately $46 billion, with almost half ($22.9 billion) in the form of prescription drugs. Thirty six percent (36%) of people in USA and Canada regularly use Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) for the prevention and treatment of different diseases, including hypertension. Generally, majority of the hypertensive patients do not disclose the use of such remedies and also health care providers do not usually ask their hypertensive patients if they use CAM. The widespread consumption of CAM in hypertension requires clear understanding of their underlying mechanism of action, efficacy and safety. This chapter will provide a comprehensive list of CAM commonly used by Americans for the prevention and treatment of hypertension as well as their postulated mechanism of action. Modulation of drug metabolizing enzymes and their safety will also be covered

along with the clinical consequences, i.e., drug-herb or herb-disease interactions. While the information included in this chapter will show that simple dietary constituents have potential impact on human health and significantly reduce the cost in health care, patients and healthcare providers should also be careful with using CAM therapies, because not only is there minimal evidence that several CAM products work to treat hypertension, but their safety hasn't been well-established.

Fawzy Elbarbry has completed his PhD and Postdoctoral studies from University of Saskatchewan, Canada. He is the Director of Student Success at Pacific University, a premier institution in the Pacific Northwest of USA and a Clinical Pharmacist at Legacy Health System. He has published more than 50 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of several journals with high reputation.

Approximately 29% of US population were treated for hypertension with only 52% of them have their blood pressure under control. The direct health care spending to treat hypertension is approximately $46 billion, with almost half ($22.9 billion) in the form of prescription drugs. Thirty six percent (36%) of people in USA and Canada regularly use Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) for the prevention and treatment of different diseases, including hypertension. Generally, majority of the hypertensive patients do not disclose the use of such remedies and also health care providers do not usually ask their hypertensive patients if they use CAM. The widespread consumption of CAM in hypertension requires clear understanding of their underlying mechanism of action, efficacy and safety. This chapter will provide a comprehensive list of CAM commonly used by Americans for the prevention and treatment of hypertension as well as their postulated mechanism of action. Modulation of drug metabolizing enzymes and their safety will also be covered

along with the clinical consequences, i.e., drug-herb or herb-disease interactions. While the information included in this chapter will show that simple dietary constituents have potential impact on human health and significantly reduce the cost in health care, patients and healthcare providers should also be careful with using CAM therapies, because not only is there minimal evidence that several CAM products work to treat hypertension, but their safety hasn't been well-established.

Dimitrios A Lamprou is professor in pharmaceutical engineering and MSc Director at the School of Pharmacy in Queen's University Belfast, UK; a member of the prestigious Russell Group and Visiting Professor at University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK with experience of teaching in higher education, conducting research (60+ publications, 200+ conference abstracts, 55+ invited presentations). His group research interests focused on five distinct areas: Biosurface engineering, electrospinning, microfluidics, nanoanalysis, and printing of medicines.

Progress in drug design has led to the development of new peptides, proteins and drug molecules. However, the limited ability to selectively deliver these molecules at well-defined dosing regimens and without invoking drug-resistance remains a significant challenge. Microfluidic devices provide many advantages for applications in drug delivery and crystallization; they require small sample volumes, provide high-throughput screening and allow control of the crystallization. Microfluidics is a multidisciplinary field of science based on the manipulation of fluids in submillimeter dimensions and the conditions that microfluidics offer are completely different from those of bulk set-ups. Other advantages include more thoughtful use of sample and reagent resources, the opportunity to carry out separations and detections with higher resolution and sensitivity, lower cost of the whole procedure, quicker analysis and small footprints for the analytical devices. The first part of the presentation

will focus in the formulation of liposomes that have been the centre of attention in research due to their potential to act as drug delivery systems. Although its versatility and manufacturing processes are still not scalable and reproducible. Therefore, the microfluidic method for liposomes preparation will be presented and the results from this preparation process will be compared with traditional methods (e.g. film hydration method and extrusion) in order to understand benefits and drawbacks of microfluidics. The second part will focus on other systems such as polymeric nanoparticles and also studies on continuous

microfluidic devices for crystallization.

Nanomedicine is a promising candidate for passive and targeted drug delivery. Doxil (Doxorubicin loaded stealth liposomes) and abraxane (human serum albumin nanoparticles conjugating paclitaxel) are commercially viable examples of nanomedicine. Despite favorable therapeutic applications as well as pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic attributes, fate of nanomedicine and its safety still need to be addressed. Certain factors such as route of administration, aggregation behavior and deposition of nanomedicine in body cavities should be considered for a successful treatment approach. Owing to absence of adequate data, multidisciplinary qualitative and quantitative tests should be incorporated to understand toxicity of nanomedicines. In this context, certain biomaterials have been approved by USFDA for engineering the next generation of medicines. Therefore, in present investigation, we have enlisted the toxicity and safety issues of nanomedicines. Moreover, attention has also been paid to various tests that can be employed for the assessment of next generation medicines. For collecting the data on safety and toxicity of nanomedicines, popular research websites like Science Direct and PubMed Central were used. In addition, various regulatory websites like USFDA were also explored for collecting the data on standards for nanomedicines. The outcome of literature survey indicated the presence of gaps between existing knowledge and specific areas which should be addressed in making the framework for the assessment of safety and toxicity of nanomedicines. A standard and stringent set of parameters should be framed for vigorously testing the safety and toxicity of nanomedicines.